Greenland is the world’s largest island and it has a surprisingly small population compared to its enormous size. While it spans over 2 million square kilometers, Greenland is home to only about 56,000 people. When trying to know how many people live in Greenland, it’s important to understand that most of them live in towns along the West coast of Greenland. Greenland’s harsh climate and remote location make it a challenging place to live further inland.
In this article, we will explore why Greenland’s population is so small and the factors that influence its growth – geography and climate. By understanding how many people live in Greenland, we can better appreciate the lifestyle of those who call this icy island home.
Greenland’s Population
Greenland is a huge island, but most of its population lives along the coasts, especially in the Southwest. The reason is simple—about 80% of Greenland is covered by a giant ice sheet, making the interior too cold and icy to live in. The capital city, Nuuk, is the largest in Greenland, with about 19,000 people. That’s almost one-third of the island’s entire population! Other towns like Sisimiut and Ilulissat are much smaller, with about 4,000 to 5,500 people each.

Many Greenlanders live in small villages with fewer than 1,000 people. These communities rely on fishing and hunting to survive. The Greenland’s population is Inuit, whose ancestors migrated from Canada over 1,000 years ago. These people have a deep connection to the Arctic environment and have developed skills for surviving in extreme cold, such as hunting seals, whales, and other marine animals.
Population Growth and Challenges
Greenland’s population has stayed mostly the same over the years, with only small increases. This is because it’s hard for the population to grow in such a remote and icy place. The freezing winters, short summers, and high cost of living make it difficult for more people to move there or for big developments to happen.
Another challenge is that many young people leave Greenland to study or find jobs, often going to Denmark. This creates a “brain drain,” where skilled workers leave and don’t come back, which hurts local businesses and industries. Even with these challenges, the people of Greenland stay deeply connected to their home, and there are ongoing efforts to improve opportunities and keep more people living on the island.
How Many People Live in Greenland?
As of the latest estimates, Greenland’s population hovers around 56,000 people. To put this in perspective, this is nearly the same as a small town in many other parts of the world. Despite its vast landmass, Greenland ranks 205th in the world by population, which highlights its status as one of the most sparsely populated places on Earth. The capital, Nuuk, is home to approximately 18,000 residents, making it the most densely populated area in Greenland, and representing about one-third of the island’s total population.

Present Population Figures
- Population: Approximately 56,000 residents.
- Area: Over 2.16 million square kilometers.
- Population Density: About 0.03 persons per square kilometer
- Capital: Nuuk, with around 18,000 inhabitants.
- Urban Population: More than half of the population resides in urban areas, mainly coastal towns and settlements.
- Growth Rate: The population growth remains relatively static, with mild fluctuations over the years.
Where People Live in Greenland
Most of Greenland’s people live in small towns, with over half the population calling urban areas home. The rest live in tiny rural communities spread across the island.
Life in Greenland’s rural areas reflects the island’s history, when people mainly survived by hunting and fishing. Many of these small villages are along the coast and can only be reached by plane or boat. This has led to a lifestyle where people rely on nature and the land to meet their needs. Each village is located in a spot that was important for its growth in the past.
Demographic Characteristics
- Ethnic Composition: The majority are Greenlandic Inuit, with a minority of European (mainly Danish) descent.
- Language: Greenlandic (Kalaallisut) is the official language, with Danish and English widely spoken.
- Age Structure: The age distribution tends towards a younger demographic, with a median age of about 35 years.
- Migration: Internal migration occurs as people move towards larger towns and cities for education, employment, and healthcare, often leaving smaller, remote settlements with aging populations.
Factors Affecting Greenland Population Growth
Greenland’s small and spread-out population creates both challenges and opportunities for its economy and way of life. With only about 56,000 people living in distant communities, building and maintaining connections across the island is no easy task.
- Moving to Cities: More people are moving to cities like Nuuk for better jobs, schools, and healthcare. This creates opportunities but also puts pressure on city services and housing.
- Limited Transportation: Greenland doesn’t have many roads due to its rough terrain and icy climate. Instead, people use boats and planes to travel. More than 60 small airstrips and heliports connect towns and villages.
- Fishing Economy: Greenland depends heavily on fishing, which makes up over 90% of its exports. While there’s potential in mining and renewable energy, the economy still needs to grow in other areas.
- Jobs: Most jobs are in fishing, government work, and services like healthcare and education. However, unemployment can be high, around 10%, especially in remote areas.
Conclusion: Understanding How Many People Live in Greenland
Greenland, the world’s largest island with a small population of about 56,000 people, stands out as a fascinating example of human resilience and adaptation. Despite its harsh Arctic conditions, communities in Greenland have thrived, showcasing their rich cultural heritage and resourcefulness. This small population has a big impact, as it connects to important issues like climate change, cultural identity, and Greenland’s future political goals.
Summary
- Greenland is the world’s largest island, with about 56,000 inhabitants, primarily Greenlandic Inuit.
- The capital, Nuuk, is home to approximately 18,000 people, a significant portion of Greenland’s population.
- The island’s economy revolves around fishing, with emerging opportunities in tourism and mineral exploration.
- Greenland faces unique challenges due to its remote location, limited infrastructure, and climate change impacts.
- Cultural resilience is evident in the preservation of language and traditions amidst modernization.
- Greenland’s aspirations for increased autonomy emphasize the importance of socioeconomic development.
FAQ Section: How Many People Live in Greenland
1. How many people live in Greenland?
Around 56,000 people live in Greenland, predominantly in coastal urban centers like Nuuk.
2. What is the population density of Greenland?
Greenland’s population density is incredibly low, at approximately 0.03 persons per square kilometer, due to its expansive icy terrain.
3. Who are the major inhabitants of Greenland?
Greenland is primarily inhabited by the Greenlandic Inuit, who make up about 88% of the population, with the remaining consisting mostly of European descent, primarily Danish.
4. How is the population distributed in Greenland?
The population is largely concentrated in coastal towns such as Nuuk, Sisimiut, and Ilulissat. The majority reside in urban areas, while some live in remote small settlements.
5. What is the capital of Greenland and its population?
The capital of Greenland is Nuuk, which houses roughly 18,000 people, serving as the island’s political and economic hub.
6. How has Greenland’s population changed over time?
The population has remained relatively stable, with minor growth fluctuations. Migration trends show movement towards urban centers seeking better economic and social amenities.
7. How does Greenland’s economy impact its population?
Greenland’s economy, heavily reliant on fishing, presents both opportunities and challenges. Efforts are underway to diversify through tourism and resource extraction, which could influence population dynamics.
8. What role does climate change play in Greenland’s demographics?
Climate change significantly impacts Greenland, affecting traditional livelihoods and opening new economic possibilities. Shifting ice patterns influence settlement and resource access.
9. Are there any education and healthcare facilities in Greenland?
Yes, Greenland provides basic education and healthcare. Key institutions are located in Nuuk, while remote areas face challenges accessing comprehensive services.
10. What languages are commonly spoken in Greenland?
The official language is Greenlandic (Kalaallisut), with Danish and English widely spoken, particularly in educational and governmental contexts.
