What to Do in Greenland: Guide to the Best Activities

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Steven Højlund

What to do in Greenland

When you hear that over 56,000 people live in Greenland, you may wonder what they could possibly do here. With 80% of its area covered by an ice sheet, for instance, it might fascinate you to learn about what to do in Greenland to fill your time. Many Greenland activities abound on how to experience this enigmatic land of ice and wonder uniquely.

Greenland stands as one of the last great wildernesses on Earth. It beckons travelers with its pristine landscapes, rich culture, and the promise of adventure.

While geographically part of North America, Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. It bridges the Old World and the New in a setting that defies description. But why, you may ask, is a journey to Greenland so important? What can one expect from this remote island nation?

In this article, you will learn what significance such adventures hold in Greenland and how best you can engage with the world’s largest island.

Greenland – Exploring the World’s Largest Island of Ice, Culture, and Adventure

Stretching across an area of over 2.1 million square kilometers, Greenland is the world’s largest island (that is not a continent). It possesses the second-largest ice cap in the world, spanning 1.8 million square kilometers.

This icy expanse locks away approximately 8% of Earth’s freshwater supply. Moreover, despite its size, Greenland has a population of a little more than 56,000 people. Nearly 90% identify as Greenlandic Inuit. This makes Greenland one of the most sparsely populated regions on the planet. Untouched landscapes stretch as far as the eye can see.


Traveling to Greenland presents a unique opportunity to witness the profound effects of climate change firsthand. The massive Greenland Ice Sheet is losing its mass at an alarming rate, contributing to rising sea levels worldwide.

In fact, studies show that if the entire ice sheet were to melt, it would result in a global sea-level rise of about 7.2 meters. This inevitability makes Greenland a place of natural beauty and a crucial area for scientific research and understanding global climate dynamics.

A Journey Through Culture

In addition to its natural beauty, visitors to Greenland often find themselves captivated by the richness of Inuit culture. The people of Greenland have thrived for thousands of years through traditional means such as fishing and hunting, with their history reflected in the art, language, and everyday life you will encounter.

The blending of ancient customs with modern conveniences provides a fascinating insight into how the Inuit community adapts and preserves their heritage in today’s world.

Adventure awaits at every corner of Greenland, from its deep fjords and towering glaciers to expansive tundras and Northern Lights shows. The harsh yet breathtaking landscape offers plenty of activities for the intrepid traveler: dog sledding across snowy fields, paddling a kayak amidst icebergs, and hiking trails that carve through stunning geological formations. Greenland offers an unrivaled experience where nature still rules unchallenged and wild.

However, a journey to Greenland involves much more than its landscapes and adventure activities. It’s an opportunity to engage responsibly with a vulnerable environment and resilient people. While at it, you cultivate an understanding that blends respect for nature with cultural appreciation.

Such experiences can transform a trip into an inspiring and enlightening journey—a rare opportunity to venture beyond and touch the untouched. With this context in mind, let us look at what to do in Greenland when visiting this magnificent land caught between ice and life.

What to Do in Greenland: Adventures and Experiences

As you prepare for your journey to the mesmerizing island of Greenland, a land of stark beauty and isolation, you may wonder what exactly there is to do amidst the vast icy landscapes.

From grand adventures in the wilderness to intimate cultural encounters in local communities, Greenland offers an array of experiences that cater to outdoor enthusiasts, history buffs, and those seeking to understand and appreciate the culture of its people.

Here’s a guide to some of the most enthralling activities you can partake in while visiting this enigmatic land:

1. Explore the Majestic Fjords

Greenland’s coastline, stretching approximately 44,000 kilometers, is renowned for its rugged fjords. These are corridors carved by glaciers over millennia and allows visitors to explore the arresting beauty of its maritime features.

For example, Kangerlussuaq and Scoresby Sound are among the largest fjord systems in the world. They offer a sublime backdrop for scenic cruises or kayaking adventures. The icebergs here, some towering over 100 meters tall, float by majestically, creating an ethereal atmosphere that is as splendid as it is serene.

2. Witness the Northern Lights

One of the most magical experiences in Greenland is witnessing the Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights. This natural spectacle paints the night sky in green, pink, and violet colors, captivating those who see it with its magnificent display.

Specifically, the best time to observe the Northern Lights in Greenland is from September to April. Towns like Kangerlussuaq and Ilulissat, or even the less light-polluted areas in South Greenland, offer some of the best viewing opportunities.

3. Dive into Inuit Culture

Understanding Greenland’s culture is integral to appreciating this part of the world. The capital, Nuuk, with a population of about 18,000, is a cultural hub where you can visit the Greenland National Museum to learn about the Inuit people’s history.

From the prehistoric hunters to modern-day society, you can access them all. Traditional music and dance performances, handcrafted tapestries, and exhibitions offer insights into Inuit traditions and their adaptation over centuries.

4. Adventure on the Ice Sheet

The Greenland Ice Sheet, covering roughly 80% of the island, provides thrilling opportunities for adventure. Visitors can embark on guided tours for ice cap treks or even try snowmobiling and dog sledding.

These are authentic mode of transportation used by Greenlanders for generations. Safety measures and professional guides ensure that these adventures are both exhilarating and secure, offering a memorable glimpse into Greenland’s glacial powerhouse.

5. Hiking through the Arctic Wilderness

Numerous hiking trails carve through Greenland’s vast wilderness, inviting explorers to traverse some of the world’s most untouched areas. The Arctic Circle Trail, spanning 160 kilometers between Kangerlussuaq and Sisimiut, is one of the most famous hiking routes.

It offers an immersive experience through mountains, valleys, and lakes. This trail is accessible during the summer months when the midnight sun illuminates the landscape with nearly 24 hours of daylight.

6. Enjoy Local Gastronomy

Greenlandic cuisine offers a unique taste experience influenced by the harsh Arctic environment. Guests can savor local dishes like suaasat (a traditional meat soup), mattak (whale skin and blubber), and freshly caught fish, such as halibut and Arctic char.

This culinary journey is an opportunity to understand Greenland’s traditions and the importance of subsistence hunting and fishing practices, which are still predominant in many communities.

7. Whale Watching Opportunities

Greenland’s rich marine life includes whales that migrate through its waters during the summer. It is home to over 15 species of whales, including humpback, minke, and fin whales.

Ilulissat and Disko Bay are prime locations for spotting these magnificent creatures as they frolic and breach, providing an unforgettable wildlife experience in their natural habitat.

8. Visit Serene Settlements and Towns

Explore Greenland’s charming towns and villages, where colorful houses surround breathtaking landscapes. Qaqortoq, the largest city in South Greenland, displays the iconic Nuuk Cathedral and the unique Stone & Man art project that features carvings etched into rock faces.

Each settlement offers its own character and hospitality, with residents eager to share stories and customs that enrich the Greenland experience.

Whether it’s venturing out into the wild, immersing yourself in the local culture, or simply relaxing in the jaw-dropping scenery, Greenland offers something for every traveler. These activities promise discovery, excitement, and a deeper appreciation for this remote yet stunningly beautiful place. Each step on this icy land brings a new adventure, eagerly waiting to be explored.

Navigating the Unique Challenges and Considerations in Greenland

When planning what to do in Greenland, it’s important to understand the unique aspects and challenges associated with visiting this extraordinary land. From its remote location to its fragile environment, Greenland requires thoughtful preparation and cultural sensitivity, making some additional context invaluable for a successful trip.

Understanding Greenland’s Climate and Weather Conditions

To begin with, given its location in the Arctic, Greenland presents an extreme and variable climate. The country experiences average winter temperatures that can plunge as low as -30 degrees Celsius in the interior, while coastal regions like Ilulissat and Nuuk may see somewhat milder weather.

In contrast, summer temperatures can occasionally reach 20 degrees Celsius in the warmer regions. This extreme temperature range underlines the importance of preparing appropriately, ensuring visitors pack quality thermal gear and layers to adapt to changing weather.

Understanding Greenland’s rugged landscapes is just as crucial. With 2.1 million square kilometers, roughly 80% of it is covered by ice, and the immense Greenland Ice Sheet influences much of the island’s weather patterns, creating microclimates around the ice and coastlines.

Surprises like sudden snowstorms and high winds can affect travel plans. Therefore, it is essential to have flexible itineraries.

Travel and Accessibility Considerations

Greenland’s sheer size and sparse population mean that traveling across the island can present logistical challenges. The country has no road or railway system linking towns, making air travel between destinations essential.

Air Greenland extensively operates within the country using small aircraft to connect communities, with Kangerlussuaq International Airport serving as a primary hub for international connections.

Sea routes also become viable during the summer months when the ice retreats, granting access to ferries and cruise ships that navigate the coastal areas. Both options offer unforgettable views of the landscape, ensuring that getting around is as much an adventure as the destinations themselves.

Respecting and Engaging with Local Culture

Greenland’s Inuit community has developed a deep connection with nature and survival skills honed over thousands of years. Maintaining an awareness of cultural beliefs and traditions is key when deciding what to do in Greenland.

In particular, always engage respectfully, particularly when visiting small settlements where locals embrace a strong sense of community and hospitality.

Understanding customary practices, such as the importance of traditional hunting and fishing to the Inuit way of life, can also help travelers appreciate the Greenlandic sense of identity.

Language is another consideration; while many Greenlanders speak Danish and English, greeting them in Greenlandic with a simple “Kalaallit Nunaat” (Greenland’s name in the local language; it means “Land of the Greenlanders”) can be a warm gesture.

Environmental Responsibility and Conservation

Greenland’s environment is delicate, home to unique ecosystems that can be easily disrupted. Climate change has dramatically affected the island’s ice sheets and wildlife, with studies indicating that Greenland has lost about 3.8 trillion metric tons of ice since 1992.

As a result, visitors have an obligation to minimize their impact on these fragile lands. This includes adhering to local waste disposal guidelines, respecting wildlife habitats, and choosing eco-friendly transport options. Many tours emphasize sustainability, providing visitors with environmentally conscious ways to experience the majestic landscape without causing harm.

Healthcare and Safety Measures

Being such a remote and sparsely populated nation, Greenland’s healthcare facilities are limited, particularly outside of major towns. Travelers must take precautionary measures, ensuring they have adequate medical insurance, emergency contacts, and knowledge of local health resources.

Safety on adventures is another emphasis point, especially when engaging in activities like hiking, dog sledding, or ice cap tours. Opting for guided excursions with experienced locals enhances safety by employing their expertise and enriches the experience through storytelling and cultural insights.

In conclusion, a journey to Greenland is more about preparation and respect for nature and people than adventure and discovery. By understanding the climate, respecting the culture, and committing to responsible travel, you embrace the full majesty of Greenland’s landscapes and its communities.

Such a profound engagement ensures that Greenland remains both a memory for the traveler and a jewel of Arctic beauty for future generations.

Conclusion – Embracing the Majesty of What to Do in Greenland

A journey through Greenland offers a breathtaking exploration into one of the planet’s most awe-inspiring and remote destinations. Greenland provides unparalleled opportunities for adventure and cultural immersion, from vast ice sheets and majestic fjords to the enchanting Aurora Borealis and the rich tapestry of Inuit culture.

A mindful approach is key to appreciating what to do in Greenland, understanding the unique challenges posed by its climate, geography, and delicate ecosystems. Traveling with respect and curiosity ensures a memorable journey and the preservation of Greenland’s wonders for future visitors.

Summary

– Greenland is the world’s largest island, with over 2.1 million square kilometers of awe-inspiring terrain and just around 56,000 people.
– Visitors can engage in adventure activities such as exploring fjords, witnessing the Northern Lights, and trekking the ice sheet.
– Understanding and respecting Inuit culture enriches the journey, emphasizing traditional practices and adaptations.
– Essential considerations for travelers include climate awareness, limited accessibility, cultural sensitivity, environmental responsibility, and safety precautions.
– Each experience in Greenland highlights the fragile beauty of the Arctic—and the importance of preserving it.

FAQ: What to Do in Greenland

1. When is the best time to visit Greenland?
The best time to visit depends on your interests. From June to September, the weather is milder, suitable for hiking, sailing, and wildlife observation, while September to April offers prime Northern Lights viewing.

2. How can I get to Greenland?
Most international visitors fly into Greenland via Copenhagen, Denmark, or Reykjavik, Iceland. Kangerlussuaq International Airport is a common entry point on the island itself.

3. What should I pack for a trip to Greenland?
Visitors should pack warm, layered clothing suitable for cold conditions, waterproof outerwear, sturdy footwear, and other essentials like gloves, hats, and sunglasses. Summer travelers will also need protection against the strong Arctic sun.

4. Are there any particular cultural customs I should be aware of?
Greenlandic Inuit are welcoming, but it’s important to respect local customs, especially regarding traditional hunting and communal living. Learning a few phrases in Greenlandic also demonstrates respect.

5. What wildlife can I see in Greenland?
Greenland is home to diverse wildlife, including whales, polar bears, muskoxen, and various seabirds. Whale watching and bird watching tours offer chances to observe these animals in their natural habitats.

6. Is it safe to travel around Greenland?
Travel around Greenland is generally safe, but it’s crucial to be cautious due to its harsh conditions. Always follow local advice, especially during outdoor activities or when venturing into remote areas.

7. Can I travel independently, or do I need a guide?
While independent travel is possible in some areas, certain activities such as ice cap treks or dog sledding are best experienced with local guides for safety and enriching cultural insights.

8. How can I view the Northern Lights in Greenland?
Choose locations with minimal light pollution, such as Kangerlussuaq or Sisimiut, and visit during the optimal viewing season from September to April. Guided tours often provide the best experiences.

9. Are there unique souvenirs or crafts to buy?
Look for locally made handicrafts, such as tupilak figures, seal-skin products, and hand-knitted garments, which reflect Greenlandic heritage and artistry.

10. Is internet connectivity available in Greenland?
While major towns have internet access, connectivity may be limited or unavailable in remote rural areas. Consider this when planning communications and staying connected.

Exploring Greenland promises an extraordinary adventure that touches the soul. Each moment is distinct, and every experience is deeply rooted in the natural and cultural beauty of this Arctic wonderland. Visitors contribute to Greenland’s story through responsible travel and open-hearted appreciation and ensure its magic endures.

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Steven Højlund

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